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The Virtual Museum of Computing
The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) is an eclectic collection of links and online resources concerning the history of computers and computer science . It includes links to other related museums, both real and virtual, around the world, as well as having its own virtual galleries of information. A particular feature is the early computing pioneer Alan Turing, among others.
This virtual museum was founded by Jonathan Bowen in 1994, originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It is now supported by Museophile and also forms part of the Virtual Library museums pages, hosted at London South Bank University and mirrored around the world.
The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp) form a leading directory of online museums around the world. The resource was founded by Jonathan Bowen in 1994, originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It is supported by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and Museophile.The main site moved to London South Bank University and is now hosted as a wiki on Wikia.
The directory is organized in a distributed manner by country with around twenty people in different countries maintaining various sections. Canada, through the Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN), was the first country to become involved. The MDA maintained the United Kingdom section of museums, now the Collections Trust.
Person Achievement Ach. Date John Atanasoff Built the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, though it was neither programmable nor Turing-complete. 1939 Charles Babbage Designed the Analytical Engine and built a prototype for a less powerful mechanical calculator. 18221837 John Backus Invented FORTRAN (Formula Translation), the first practical high-level programming language, and he formulated the Backus-Naur form that described the formal language syntax. 19541963 George Boole Formalized Boolean algebra, the basis for digital logic and computer science. 1830~ Alonzo Church Founded contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically for the development of the lambda calculus and the discovery of the undecidability problem within it. 1936 Wesley A. Clark Designed LINC, the first functional computer scaled down and priced for the individual user. Put in service in 1963, many of its features are seen as prototypes of what were to be essential elements of personal computers. 1962 James Cooley With John W. Tukey, created the Fast Fourier Transform. 1965 Ole-Johan Dahl With Kristen Nygaard, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. 1962 Edsger Dijkstra Made advances in algorithms, Goto considered harmful, the semaphore (programming), rigor, and pedagogy. 1968 J. Presper Eckert With John Mauchly, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. 19431951 Douglas Engelbart Best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose Augment team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs. 1963 Gottlob Frege Developed first-order predicate calculus, which was a crucial precursor requirement to developing computation theory. 1879 Seymour Ginsburg Proved "don't-care" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield optimal results, proved that the ALGOL programming language is context-free (thus linking formal language theory to the problem of compiler writing), and invented AFL Theory. 195819611967 Kurt Gödel Proved that Peano axiomatized arithmetic could not be both logically consistent and complete in first-order predicate calculus. Church, Kleene, and Turing developed the foundations of computation theory based on corollaries to Gödel's work. 1931 James Gosling Developed the Java programming language, the most widespread portable computing language ever developed. 1994 Lois Haibt Was a member of the ten person team that invented Fortran and among the first women to play a crucial role in the development of computer science. 1954 C.A.R. Hoare Developed the formal language Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and Quicksort. 19601978 Grace Hopper Pioneered work on the necessity for high-level programming languages, which she termed automatic programming, and wrote the A-O compiler, which heavily influenced the COBOL language. 1952 Cuthbert Hurd Helped the International Business Machines Corporation develop its first general-purpose computer, the IBM 701. 1952 Kenneth Iverson Invented the APL programming language and made contribution to interactive computing. 1962 Jacek Karpinski Developed the first differential analyzer that used transistors, and developed one of the first machine learning algorithms for character and image recognition. Also was the inventor of one of the first minicomputers, the K-202. 1973 Alan Kay Pioneered many of the ideas at the root of object-oriented programming languages, led the team that developed Smalltalk, and made fundamental contributions to personal computing. 1970~ Stephen Cole Kleene Pioneered work with Alonzo Church on the Lambda Calculus that first laid down the foundations of computation theory. 1936 Donald Knuth Wrote The Art of Computer Programming and created TeX. 19681989 Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev Independently designed the first electronic computer in the Soviet Union, MESM, in Kiev, Ukraine. 1951 Gottfried Leibniz Made advances in symbolic logic, such as the Calculus ratiocinator, that were heavily influential on Gottlob Frege. Made developments in first-order predicate calculus that were crucial for the theoretical foundations of computer science. 1670~ Ramon Llull Designed multiple symbolic representations machines, and pioneered notions of symbolic representation and manipulation to produce knowledge--both of which were major influences on Leibniz. 1300~ Ada Lovelace Began the study of scientific computation, analyzing Babbage's work in her Sketch of the Analytical Engine, and was the namesake for the Ada programming language. 1843 John Mauchly With J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. 19431951 John McCarthy Invented LISP, a functional programming language. 1955 John von Neumann Devised the von Neumann architecture upon which most modern computers are based. 1945 Kristen Nygaard With Ole-Johan Dahl, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. 1962 Emil L. Post Developed the Post machine as a model of computation, independently of Turing. Known also for developing truth tables, the Post correspondence problem used in recursion theory as well as proving what is knows as Post's theorem. 1936 Dennis Ritchie Pioneered the C programming language and the UNIX computer operating system at Bell Labs. 1967 Claude Shannon Founded information theory and practical digital circuit design. 19371948 Herbert Simon A political scientist and economist who pioneered artificial intelligence. Co-creator of the Logic Theory Machine and the General Problem Solver programs. 19561957 John W. Tukey With James Cooley, created the Fast Fourier Transform. 1965 Alan Turing Made several founding contributions to computer science, including the Turing machine computational model, and ACE design. 1936 Maurice Wilkes Built the first practical stored program computer (EDSAC) to be completed and for being credited with the ideas of several high-level programming language constructs. 1949 Niklaus Wirth Designed the Pascal, Modula-2 and Oberon programming languages. 19701978 Konrad Zuse Built the first functional tape-stored-program-controlled computer, the Z3. The Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. 1941
The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC) is an eclectic collection of links and online resources concerning the history of computers and computer science . It includes links to other related museums, both real and virtual, around the world, as well as having its own virtual galleries of information. A particular feature is the early computing pioneer Alan Turing, among others.This virtual museum was founded by Jonathan Bowen in 1994, originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It is now supported by Museophile and also forms part of the Virtual Library museums pages, hosted at London South Bank University and mirrored around the world.
The Virtual Library museums pages (VLmp) form a leading directory of online museums around the world. The resource was founded by Jonathan Bowen in 1994, originally at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in the United Kingdom. It is supported by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) and Museophile.The main site moved to London South Bank University and is now hosted as a wiki on Wikia.
The directory is organized in a distributed manner by country with around twenty people in different countries maintaining various sections. Canada, through the Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN), was the first country to become involved. The MDA maintained the United Kingdom section of museums, now the Collections Trust.
Person Achievement Ach. Date John Atanasoff Built the first electronic digital computer, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, though it was neither programmable nor Turing-complete. 1939 Charles Babbage Designed the Analytical Engine and built a prototype for a less powerful mechanical calculator. 18221837 John Backus Invented FORTRAN (Formula Translation), the first practical high-level programming language, and he formulated the Backus-Naur form that described the formal language syntax. 19541963 George Boole Formalized Boolean algebra, the basis for digital logic and computer science. 1830~ Alonzo Church Founded contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically for the development of the lambda calculus and the discovery of the undecidability problem within it. 1936 Wesley A. Clark Designed LINC, the first functional computer scaled down and priced for the individual user. Put in service in 1963, many of its features are seen as prototypes of what were to be essential elements of personal computers. 1962 James Cooley With John W. Tukey, created the Fast Fourier Transform. 1965 Ole-Johan Dahl With Kristen Nygaard, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. 1962 Edsger Dijkstra Made advances in algorithms, Goto considered harmful, the semaphore (programming), rigor, and pedagogy. 1968 J. Presper Eckert With John Mauchly, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. 19431951 Douglas Engelbart Best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose Augment team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs. 1963 Gottlob Frege Developed first-order predicate calculus, which was a crucial precursor requirement to developing computation theory. 1879 Seymour Ginsburg Proved "don't-care" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield optimal results, proved that the ALGOL programming language is context-free (thus linking formal language theory to the problem of compiler writing), and invented AFL Theory. 195819611967 Kurt Gödel Proved that Peano axiomatized arithmetic could not be both logically consistent and complete in first-order predicate calculus. Church, Kleene, and Turing developed the foundations of computation theory based on corollaries to Gödel's work. 1931 James Gosling Developed the Java programming language, the most widespread portable computing language ever developed. 1994 Lois Haibt Was a member of the ten person team that invented Fortran and among the first women to play a crucial role in the development of computer science. 1954 C.A.R. Hoare Developed the formal language Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and Quicksort. 19601978 Grace Hopper Pioneered work on the necessity for high-level programming languages, which she termed automatic programming, and wrote the A-O compiler, which heavily influenced the COBOL language. 1952 Cuthbert Hurd Helped the International Business Machines Corporation develop its first general-purpose computer, the IBM 701. 1952 Kenneth Iverson Invented the APL programming language and made contribution to interactive computing. 1962 Jacek Karpinski Developed the first differential analyzer that used transistors, and developed one of the first machine learning algorithms for character and image recognition. Also was the inventor of one of the first minicomputers, the K-202. 1973 Alan Kay Pioneered many of the ideas at the root of object-oriented programming languages, led the team that developed Smalltalk, and made fundamental contributions to personal computing. 1970~ Stephen Cole Kleene Pioneered work with Alonzo Church on the Lambda Calculus that first laid down the foundations of computation theory. 1936 Donald Knuth Wrote The Art of Computer Programming and created TeX. 19681989 Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev Independently designed the first electronic computer in the Soviet Union, MESM, in Kiev, Ukraine. 1951 Gottfried Leibniz Made advances in symbolic logic, such as the Calculus ratiocinator, that were heavily influential on Gottlob Frege. Made developments in first-order predicate calculus that were crucial for the theoretical foundations of computer science. 1670~ Ramon Llull Designed multiple symbolic representations machines, and pioneered notions of symbolic representation and manipulation to produce knowledge--both of which were major influences on Leibniz. 1300~ Ada Lovelace Began the study of scientific computation, analyzing Babbage's work in her Sketch of the Analytical Engine, and was the namesake for the Ada programming language. 1843 John Mauchly With J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the ENIAC, the first modern (all electronic, Turing-complete) computer, and the UNIVAC I, the first commercially available computer. 19431951 John McCarthy Invented LISP, a functional programming language. 1955 John von Neumann Devised the von Neumann architecture upon which most modern computers are based. 1945 Kristen Nygaard With Ole-Johan Dahl, invented the proto-object oriented language SIMULA. 1962 Emil L. Post Developed the Post machine as a model of computation, independently of Turing. Known also for developing truth tables, the Post correspondence problem used in recursion theory as well as proving what is knows as Post's theorem. 1936 Dennis Ritchie Pioneered the C programming language and the UNIX computer operating system at Bell Labs. 1967 Claude Shannon Founded information theory and practical digital circuit design. 19371948 Herbert Simon A political scientist and economist who pioneered artificial intelligence. Co-creator of the Logic Theory Machine and the General Problem Solver programs. 19561957 John W. Tukey With James Cooley, created the Fast Fourier Transform. 1965 Alan Turing Made several founding contributions to computer science, including the Turing machine computational model, and ACE design. 1936 Maurice Wilkes Built the first practical stored program computer (EDSAC) to be completed and for being credited with the ideas of several high-level programming language constructs. 1949 Niklaus Wirth Designed the Pascal, Modula-2 and Oberon programming languages. 19701978 Konrad Zuse Built the first functional tape-stored-program-controlled computer, the Z3. The Z3 was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. 1941
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